Road freight transport: planning and resourcing
Introduction
There are a number of reasons why road freight transport operations need to be carefully planned and resourced. These are discussed in the first section of this chapter. In addition some of the main approaches for the management of vehicle fleets are reviewed. The major content of this chapter is concerned with the basic methods of identifying fleet resource requirements. This can be achieved both manually and by computer analysis and both of these approaches are considered. The main objectives of these types of analysis are discussed. In addition the need to differentiated between strategic and tactical considerations is outlined.
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The key data requirements are set out in some detail and then a particular approach to manual routing and scheduling is used as an example. Finally an identical analysis is undertaken using a computer package and these results are reviewed.
Need for planning
There are some very general as well as some very specific reasons for carefully planning and managing road freight transport operations. As has been discussed in previous chapters one of the real keys to creating an effective logistics operation is to get the right balance between customer service and costs.
This applies to an equal extent when considering the transport component of logistics. Some of the major elements include:
- Assets. Road freight transport fleets consist of some very high value assets ranging from the tractors trailers and rigid vehicles themselves to the drivers. It is important that these assets are made to sweat through the development of efficient schedules that keep the vehicles and drivers on the road and active and through the introduction of double and treble shifting of vehicles which maximizes their use. Computer routing and scheduling packages play a major role in achieving this high utilization so a discussion of their characteristics will be a key part of this chapter. In addition fleet management packages offer real opportunities to monitor very closely the costs and utilization of these assets. Both time and space or load utilization are important considerations.
- Service. Delivery transport acts as the main physical interface with the customer so it is important that all customer service requirements are met.
For transport important requirements involve delivering within set delivery windows and meeting specific delivery times.
Once again computer routing and scheduling packages are key to achieving these goals.As well as the major assets discussed above there are also costs associated with the operation of the vehicle specifically the running costs such as fuel and tyres.
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